Borobudur temple

Good morning friends, this time I will share information about the native cultures of Indonesia, which might belom friends know about the culture in Indonesia, may be useful for all my friends.This time is a post about a temple from the wonders of the world including Indonesia which is called the temple of Borobudur. Borobudur Temple is a Buddhist temple located at Borobudur, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. Location of the temple is about 100 km southwest of Manila, 86 km to the west of Surakarta, and 40 km northwest of Yogyakarta. Stupa shaped temple was founded by the Mahayana Buddhists around AD 800-AD in the reign of an dynasty dynasty. The monument comprises six square terraces on which there are three circular courtyard, the walls are decorated with relief panels and the original 2672 there were 504 major Buddha.Stupa largest statue in the middle teletak once crowned this building, surrounded by three rows of circular hollow stupa 72 in which there are statues of Buddha sitting cross-legged in the lotus position perfectly with the mudra (hand position) Dharmachakra mudra (turning the wheel of dharma).

This monument is a model of the universe and built as a shrine to honor the Buddha also functions as a place of pilgrimage to guide mankind to switch from natural lust to enlightenment and wisdom according to the teachings of Buddha. The pilgrims enter through the east side starting at the base of the temple ritual walk around holy building is in a clockwise direction, while continuing to go up to the next steps in the sphere through three levels of Buddhist cosmology. The third level is Kamadhatu (the realm of the passions), Rupadhatu (sphere shape),
and
Arupadhatu (the realm of intangibles). In this way of pilgrims walking through the hallway and staircase with a series of witnessed no less than 1460 beautifully carved relief panels on the wall and balustrade.

According to historical evidence, Borobudur abandoned in the 14th century as the weakening of the influence of Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms in Java as well as from the influence of Islam

 The world began to recognize the existence of this building since 1814 was found by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, who was then serving as Governor General of British control over Java. Since then Borobudur has suffered a series of rescue and restoration efforts. Largest restoration project was held in the period 1975 to 1982 the efforts of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and UNESCO, and historic sites are included in the list of World Heritage Sites.Borobudur is still used as a place of religious pilgrimage; each year Buddhists who come from all over Indonesia and abroad gather at Borobudur to commemorate Vesak Trisuci. In the world of tourism, tourism Borobudur is Indonesia's single most visited by tourists.

Structure

About 55,000 cubic meters of andesite stone quarry and transported from place Penatahan to build this monument. This stone is cut in a certain size, transported to the site and put together without using cement. Borobudur structure does not use cement at all, but the interlock system (another key) that is like Lego blocks that can be attached without adhesives. These stones are put together with the bulge and the right hole and fit one another, and form "dove tail" which locks the two blocks of stone. Relief was made at the site after the building structure and the wall was completed.

This monument is equipped with an adequate drainage system for areas with high rainfall. To prevent inundation and flooding, 100 showers installed in each corner, each with a unique design stage or form of the giant makara head.

Borobudur temple is very different from other designs, the temple was not built on a flat surface, but above the natural dunes. However, the construction technique is similar to other temples in Java. Borobudur has no cult spaces as other temples. That there are long passages which are narrow roads. The hallways surrounding the walled temple level by level. In general design similar to a pyramid Borobudur terraces. In the halls of the Buddhist is expected to perform ceremonial walk around the temple to the right. Borobudur may initially serve more as a stupa, or temple than the temple. Stupa is intended as a shrine to the glory of Buddha. Sometimes the stupa was built as a symbol of honor and glorification of the Buddha. While the shrine or temple functions as a house of worship. Intricate design of this monument shows that this building is a building of places of worship. Form of the building without room and terrace terraced structure is believed to be the development of form punden staircase, which is a form of architecture from prehistoric native Indonesia.

According to local legend architect designer named Gunadharma Borobudur, little is known about this mysterious architect. His name is more based on fairy tales and legends of Java and not based on historical inscriptions. Gunadharma legends associated with folklore about Menoreh hills resembling the body lay. Local tale is told that the body is lying Gunadharma turned into the ranks of Menoreh hills, of course the legend is just fiction and fairy tales. Borobudur design using the tuning unit of measurement, ie the length between the end of the line of human facial hair on the forehead to the tip of the chin, or span the distance between the tip of the thumb with the tip of your little finger when the hand is fully developed. Of course this unit is relative and differs slightly between individuals, but this unit remains in this monument. Research in 1977 revealed the ratio of 4:6:9 were found in this monument. Architects used this formula to determine the exact dimensions of a fractal geometry self-similar repetition in the design of Borobudur. Mathematical ratio is also found in the design and Pawon Mendut nearby. Archaeologists believe that the ratio of 4:6:9 and a tuning unit has the function and meaning of the calendar, astronomy, and cosmology. The same thing applies in the temples of Angkor Wat in Cambodia.

Building structure can be divided into three parts: the base (foot), body, and the peak. Basic measuring 123 × 123 m (403.5 × 403.5 ft) with a height of 4 m (13 ft). The temple consists of five square terraces shelf decreasing on it. The first terrace back 7 m (23 ft) from the base of the terrace. Each of the next terrace down 2 m (6.6 ft), leaving a narrow passage at each level. The upper part consists of three circular terraces, each level of the shore line of effigies berterawang arranged concentrically. The main stupa there are the largest in the middle; the shoots reach a height of 35 m (110 ft) from ground level. The original height of Borobudur including chattra (umbrella stacking three) which is now released is 42 m (140 ft). Appliances located in the center of the four sides of the wind that brings visitors to the top of the monument through the arch gate guarded by a series of 32 stone lions. Wicket gate at the top of Kala carved doors and carved center vacant makara prominent on both sides. Kala-Makara motif commonly encountered in the door of the temple architecture in Java. The main door is located on the east side, as well as a starting point to read the story of relief. This ladder is connected with a straight on the hillside stairs that connects the temple with the surrounding plains.

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